Vibrating feeder - Sep 8, 2023 · Electromagnetic Vibrating Feeder Market Competitive Landscape. Overview. Company Market Ranking. Key Development Strategies . 9. Company Profiles. 10. Appendix

 
Vibratory feeder is an instrument that uses vibratory to "feed" material to a process or machine.Vibration feeders use both vibration and gravity to move material. gravity is used to determine the direction, either down, or down and to a side, and than vibration is used to move the material.they are mainly used to transport a large number of smaller of smaller objects. . Pepperoncini and gout

Buy & sell used vibratory pan feeder, electromagnetic feeder, stainless steel feeder & much more at JM industrial. Find used & surplus eriez vibratory feeder & many more at an affordable price. Call 3042730795 to ask for a quote! A vibratory feeder is an instrument that uses vibration to feed material through a process or a machine while controlling the rate of flow. Vibratory feeders utilize both vibration and gravity to move material forward. The force of gravity influences these parts to shift direction, causing them to move down or laterally. Vibratory feeder biasanya digunakan bersama dengan permanen magnet, dan menjadi salah satu alat yang digunakan dalam proses produksi minyak kelapa sawit. ERIEZ dan ENMIN adalah vibratory feeder yang banyak digunakan di pabrik kelapa sawit Indonesia. Untuk ERIEZ, model yang populer di antaranya yaitu model 36 C dengan controller model SDV21. Vibrating Feeder. Generating vibration with electromagnets, these have no mechanical parts that can wear out and shorten service life. A built-in vibrator shakes material to stimulate flow through the trough. They're often used to feed material in mixing or packaging operations.13 products Vibratory feeders vibrate in a controlled fashion to feed dry materials such as powders, flour, sand, or coal at a consistent speed and volume in bulk conveying applications. They are typically used under hoppers or similar storage vessels to control the flow of materials moving from the vessel into other processes or conveying systems. With more than 140 years of bulk material handling experience, Syntron Material Handling is a recognized industry leader in providing innovative engineering solutions, high-performance products, and superior customer service. Since 1880, the Link-Belt brand has provided a variety of solutions for handling materials in bulk. Vibratory Feeders, Inc. (VFI) is a leading manufacturer of automation machines, vibratory bowl feeders, and ancillary components such as supply hoppers and linear power tracks. With its vibratory feeders, VFI provides innovative part handling solutions to our customers in continental United States and beyond. Vibratory Feeders are very flexible ... Our Heavy Duty Electromagnetic Vibratory Feeders are ideal for handling coal, ore, aggregates, slag—or any other situation where high volume, controlled feeding is required. With their energy-saving intermeshed AC/permanent magnet drive, these powerful units are the workhorses in Eriez' huge stable of Vibratory Feeders and Conveyors.Eriez vibratory equipment effectively and efficiently conveys, screens and feeds materials in quantities ranging from a few spoonfuls to tons per hour. Light and Medium Duty Feeders With their totally enclosed magnetic drive, Light and Medium Duty Feeders are perfect for feeding practically any bulk material—from micron size to bulk chunks. A vibratory feeder is a conveying system designed to feed components or materials into an assembly process using controlled vibratory forces, gravity, and guiding mechanisms that position and orient materials. They have accumulation tracks of various widths, lengths, and depths, which are carefully chosen to fit the needs of the application ... Hoppers & Feeders. Our complete product line of hoppers and feeders is designed to integrate controlled feed rates and a wide range of storage capacities. Our hoppers and feeders will provide material handling solutions to meet your product requirements, including the handling of: quarry rock boulders; sand and gravel; recycle materials; Vibratory feeder biasanya digunakan bersama dengan permanen magnet, dan menjadi salah satu alat yang digunakan dalam proses produksi minyak kelapa sawit. ERIEZ dan ENMIN adalah vibratory feeder yang banyak digunakan di pabrik kelapa sawit Indonesia. Untuk ERIEZ, model yang populer di antaranya yaitu model 36 C dengan controller model SDV21. The F-T02 is ideal for a whole range of applications, including high-stroke scale feeding, hard to feed materials, and traditional bulk feeding from hoppers. The Syntron F-T02 feeder with standard 6 x 18-inch flat pan trough has a maximum capacity of ten tons per hour. Wider troughs handle larger capacities. VIBRATORY FEEDER. Operation and Maintenance Do not operate the unit with associated equipment touching any part of the unit. To start the feeder after all connections have been made, apply power to the line connected to the feeder. If a controller is used, operate the switch on the controller and adjust the output voltage to Vibratory feeder is an instrument that uses vibratory to "feed" material to a process or machine.Vibration feeders use both vibration and gravity to move material. gravity is used to determine the direction, either down, or down and to a side, and than vibration is used to move the material.they are mainly used to transport a large number of smaller of smaller objects. feeders make them the most stable and consistent feeders available in today’s market . Dependable, flexible control sets Syntron® vibrating feeders apart from other feeding and conveying machinery . Material feed rates are controlled and easily adjusted with Syntron® feeder controls; a wide range of standard and special models is available . Astec vibrating grizzly feeders incorporate a heavy-duty vibrator assembly with cast shafts, open housing, flow-through oil lubrication, double-row spherical roller bearings and precision-cut gears. Adjustable gear timing and bolt-on counterweights allow for maximum stroke adjustment (both angle and length) to achieve optimum feed control and ... Vibrating Feeder. Generating vibration with electromagnets, these have no mechanical parts that can wear out and shorten service life. A built-in vibrator shakes material to stimulate flow through the trough. They're often used to feed material in mixing or packaging operations. Vibrating feeders with a 304 stainless steel trough are often used ... Palamatic Process vibrating feeders allow the dosing of fragile ingredients and abrasive materials. Vibratory feeders with integrated load cells can be used for loss-in-weight dosing applications. The vibrating feeders consist of a vibrating base with the bulk material flow trough.A vibratory feeder can be a trough, tubular or enclosed trough design Powered by our electromagnetic drive units, vibrating feeders have the ability to continually adjust throughput rate Material flow stops almost instantaneously when the unit is de-energised (due to the drive unit’s internal damping) Vibratory feeder biasanya digunakan bersama dengan permanen magnet, dan menjadi salah satu alat yang digunakan dalam proses produksi minyak kelapa sawit. ERIEZ dan ENMIN adalah vibratory feeder yang banyak digunakan di pabrik kelapa sawit Indonesia. Untuk ERIEZ, model yang populer di antaranya yaitu model 36 C dengan controller model SDV21. Jun 6, 2017 · Along with our other vibratory equipment, vibratory feeders are great problem solvers. Feeders are well-known for their ability to move material from point A to point B effectively. However, a well-designed vibratory feeder offers flexibility to the end-user and increased safety and efficiency in the process. Feeders can range from small base mounted CF-A, pneumatic powered feeders Jan 10, 2017 · It seemed this would be an excellent opportunity to discuss material flow and the impacting parameters. As mentioned, the equipment provided by The Cleveland Vibrator Company is a vibrator hopper feeder. The hopper is a stationary non-vibrating hopper with an adjustable slide gate. The vibratory feeder utilizes two rotary electric vibrators. Astec vibrating grizzly feeders incorporate a heavy-duty vibrator assembly with cast shafts, open housing, flow-through oil lubrication, double-row spherical roller bearings and precision-cut gears. Adjustable gear timing and bolt-on counterweights allow for maximum stroke adjustment (both angle and length) to achieve optimum feed control and ... Hoppers prevent vibratory feeder bowls from overload and eliminate the need for a machine operator to manually fill the bowl with parts. ADI hoppers are fabricated with mild carbon steel, but can be made with stainless steel upon request. ADI offers standard hopper sizes, but we commonly build hoppers to customer specifications. Our Heavy Duty Electromagnetic Vibratory Feeders are ideal for handling coal, ore, aggregates, slag—or any other situation where high volume, controlled feeding is required. With their energy-saving intermeshed AC/permanent magnet drive, these powerful units are the workhorses in Eriez' huge stable of Vibratory Feeders and Conveyors.Our Heavy Duty Electromagnetic Vibratory Feeders are ideal for handling coal, ore, aggregates, slag—or any other situation where high volume, controlled feeding is required. With their energy-saving intermeshed AC/permanent magnet drive, these powerful units are the workhorses in Eriez' huge stable of Vibratory Feeders and Conveyors.Linear vibrating feeders are major components of automatic production lines and have a wide range of applications in the medical and military fields, and in the manufacturing of precision instruments. Conventional linear vibratory feeders are classified into electromagnetic and piezoelectric varieties, Maul G P (2005) and Zhan Feb 11, 2015 · Vibrating feeder. P R E P A R E D B Y J I S H N U V E N G I N E E R , B H E L - I S G VIBRATING FEEDERS ; 1.INTRODUCTION A vibrating feeder is a feeder/material conveying equipment consisting of a pan or trough to which a vibrating motion is imparted so that the material is impelled in a definite, controlled flow. Normally, it is positioned under the opening in the bottom of a bin or below an ... The vibratory feeder bowl is a basic bowl complete with internal or external tooling, custom designed to meet feed rate, part orientation and other specifications as required by the manufacturer. The feeder bowl is the actual orienting, feeding, and heart of the system. The feeder bowl is custom tooled to a specific part Vibratory Feeders. Vibratory bowl feeders are the most versatile small parts orienting feeder on the market today. Built with standard components and custom-tooled to meet the needs of your application, our vibratory feeders are able to feed many different types of parts and can meet complex orientation requirements. Sep 5, 2023 · These feeders are most useful for continuous weighing applications where certain volume rates are needed and where other feeder types cannot be used. Besides the model above in Figure 5, vibratory feeders are also used in a bowl arrangement to convey oddly shaped small parts such as screws, rings, and more in an orderly fashion. They find ... Vibratory feeders transport and regulate feed rates for bulk material processing across a broad range of applications and industries. JVI Vibratory Feeders handle bulk materials including heavy quarry product and metal alloys; food and candy; plastics, glass, grain, and more. Available with electromechanical motors or electromagnetic drives and ... Feb 28, 2019 · Vibrating hopper. A vibrating hopper is generally used upstream of a vibrating or centrifugal bowl in order to feed it and thus increase its autonomy. ICM’s hoppers come with several standard storage tank volumes (5, 10, 15, 30, 50, 70 and 100 liters), but our engineering department can design a customized hopper for you. Palamatic Process vibrating feeders allow the dosing of fragile ingredients and abrasive materials. Vibratory feeders with integrated load cells can be used for loss-in-weight dosing applications. The vibrating feeders consist of a vibrating base with the bulk material flow trough.Vibratory feeders are well suited for remote computer control in integrated material handling systems. The vibratory feed chute can be jacketed for heating or cooling, and the tubular chutes can be made dust-tight by flexible connections at both ends.Vibrating Feeder. Generating vibration with electromagnets, these have no mechanical parts that can wear out and shorten service life. A built-in vibrator shakes material to stimulate flow through the trough. They're often used to feed material in mixing or packaging operations. Vibrating feeders with a 304 stainless steel trough are often used ... 13 products Vibratory feeders vibrate in a controlled fashion to feed dry materials such as powders, flour, sand, or coal at a consistent speed and volume in bulk conveying applications. They are typically used under hoppers or similar storage vessels to control the flow of materials moving from the vessel into other processes or conveying systems.Feeders Electromagnetic Vibrating Feeder Electromagnetic Feeder. Uras Electromagnetic Feeders are capable of segmenting fixed amounts of materials, ranging from fine powders to large objects, with high speed and accuracy. "The Electromagnetic Feeder" uses an electromagnet as a source of linear vibration, allowing for very fine control of the ... Vibratory feeders are capable of conveying a wide range of particle sizes. Designed to be robust, either of an open or enclosed trough design. The trough-shaped structure are particularly suitable conveyors in extreme environmental conditions, because of the easy cleaning ability, but also suitable in the chemical and food industry. The McLanahan Vibrating Grizzly Feeder has a history of reliability and durability. McLanahan offers feeders in five different widths to match up to the crusher opening width. For example, McLanahan designs feeders with shallower sides for use in portable plants where over plant height is limited. Hoppers prevent vibratory feeder bowls from overload and eliminate the need for a machine operator to manually fill the bowl with parts. ADI hoppers are fabricated with mild carbon steel, but can be made with stainless steel upon request. ADI offers standard hopper sizes, but we commonly build hoppers to customer specifications. ACTION offers a wide range of performance-proven vibratory feeders. Like all ACTION vibratory equipment, each feeder is engineered with appropriate stroke, R.P.M., and declination for efficient conveying and metering of bulk materials. Mating hoppers, gates, screen sections, distribution domes, and other features can be integrated. feeders make them the most stable and consistent feeders available in today’s market . Dependable, flexible control sets Syntron® vibrating feeders apart from other feeding and conveying machinery . Material feed rates are controlled and easily adjusted with Syntron® feeder controls; a wide range of standard and special models is available . Vibratory feeders transport and regulate feed rates for bulk material processing across a broad range of applications and industries. JVI Vibratory Feeders handle bulk materials including heavy quarry product and metal alloys; food and candy; plastics, glass, grain, and more. Available with electromechanical motors or electromagnetic drives and ... A vibratory feeder is a conveying system designed to feed components or materials into an assembly process using controlled vibratory forces, gravity, and guiding mechanisms that position and orient materials. They have accumulation tracks of various widths, lengths, and depths, which are carefully chosen to fit the needs of the application ... Vibratory feeders are ideal for gentle handling of a wide range of bulk solid materials, especially fragile ingredients and problem materials such as finished friable food products and ingredients, flakes and glass fibers. Benefits & Features Lower maintenance requirements due to the absence of mechanical wear partsSep 5, 2023 · These feeders are most useful for continuous weighing applications where certain volume rates are needed and where other feeder types cannot be used. Besides the model above in Figure 5, vibratory feeders are also used in a bowl arrangement to convey oddly shaped small parts such as screws, rings, and more in an orderly fashion. They find ... RNA has developed a new, flexible feeding system FlexType P based on our 3-axis FlexCube™ vibration platform technology. FlexType P offers you a pre-configured feeding system adapted to your parts that is based on our FlexCube™ vibration platform with hopper, parts recirculation and camera system. RNA also offers dual systems, as ... Belt Conveyor Idlers. Tapered Roller Bearing. Ball Bearing Idlers by Link-Belt. Composite Idler Rolls. Scale Quality Idlers. Catenary Idlers. Truss Frame. Extreme Service Idlers. Sure Align Tracker. Vibratory Feeder. Thayer Scale’s Loss-In-Weight Vibratory Feeder is designed to operate over a wide operating range, while assuring uniform, non-pulsating flow of difficult-to-discharge materials, such as fine cohesive powders or fragile interlocking particles of irregular shapes. Complete Feeders. Pairing Syntron® Vibra drives with standard or custom troughs results in the industry leading Syntron light-duty feeders. Flexibility is the key characteristic of Syntron light capacity electromagnetic vibrating feeders. Whether the ingredients are hot or cold, fine or coarse, damp or dry, heavy or light, these versatile ... A vibratory feeder can be a trough, tubular or enclosed trough design Powered by our electromagnetic drive units, vibrating feeders have the ability to continually adjust throughput rate Material flow stops almost instantaneously when the unit is de-energised (due to the drive unit’s internal damping) Vibratory Feeders, Inc. (VFI) is a leading manufacturer of automation machines, vibratory bowl feeders, and ancillary components such as supply hoppers and linear power tracks. With its vibratory feeders, VFI provides innovative part handling solutions to our customers in continental United States and beyond.Vibratory feeders transport and regulate feed rates for bulk material processing across a broad range of applications and industries. JVI Vibratory Feeders handle bulk materials including heavy quarry product and metal alloys; food and candy; plastics, glass, grain, and more. Available with electromechanical motors or electromagnetic drives and ... Vibratory feeder biasanya digunakan bersama dengan permanen magnet, dan menjadi salah satu alat yang digunakan dalam proses produksi minyak kelapa sawit. ERIEZ dan ENMIN adalah vibratory feeder yang banyak digunakan di pabrik kelapa sawit Indonesia. Untuk ERIEZ, model yang populer di antaranya yaitu model 36 C dengan controller model SDV21. Vibratory Feeder & Conveyor Manuals (47) ERIEZ. Headquarters | 2200 Asbury Road | Erie, PA 16506 814.835.6000 ; Contact | Find a Salesperson | Careers | Eriez ... Vibratory Feeders. Vibratory bowl feeders are the most versatile small parts orienting feeder on the market today. Built with standard components and custom-tooled to meet the needs of your application, our vibratory feeders are able to feed many different types of parts and can meet complex orientation requirements. Vibratory feeders are ideal for gentle handling of a wide range of bulk solid materials, especially fragile ingredients and problem materials such as finished friable food products and ingredients, flakes and glass fibers. Benefits & Features Lower maintenance requirements due to the absence of mechanical wear partsOur Heavy Duty Electromagnetic Vibratory Feeders are ideal for handling coal, ore, aggregates, slag—or any other situation where high volume, controlled feeding is required. With their energy-saving intermeshed AC/permanent magnet drive, these powerful units are the workhorses in Eriez' huge stable of Vibratory Feeders and Conveyors.ACTION offers a wide range of performance-proven vibratory feeders. Like all ACTION vibratory equipment, each feeder is engineered with appropriate stroke, R.P.M., and declination for efficient conveying and metering of bulk materials. Mating hoppers, gates, screen sections, distribution domes, and other features can be integrated. Eriez vibratory equipment effectively and efficiently conveys, screens and feeds materials in quantities ranging from a few spoonfuls to tons per hour. Light and Medium Duty Feeders With their totally enclosed magnetic drive, Light and Medium Duty Feeders are perfect for feeding practically any bulk material—from micron size to bulk chunks. Vibrating feeder. No easy task. When medium, heavy or extremely abrasive materials have to be transported over different conveyor lengths from silos or other storage containers. Our solution. We offer the perfectly adapted solutions à la Carte for even the most demanding tasks– from individual solutions to individual components and product ... Complete Feeders. Pairing Syntron® Vibra drives with standard or custom troughs results in the industry leading Syntron light-duty feeders. Flexibility is the key characteristic of Syntron light capacity electromagnetic vibrating feeders. Whether the ingredients are hot or cold, fine or coarse, damp or dry, heavy or light, these versatile ... Hoppers prevent vibratory feeder bowls from overload and eliminate the need for a machine operator to manually fill the bowl with parts. ADI hoppers are fabricated with mild carbon steel, but can be made with stainless steel upon request. ADI offers standard hopper sizes, but we commonly build hoppers to customer specifications. The vibrating feeder can be designed depending on the application as a vibrating feeder in trough shape or e.g. as a closed vibrating tube. The feeder trough will be put into vibration by rotating unbalanced masses. The mode of vibration of the trough can be influenced within wide limits by design, arrangement, and quantity of drives. Feeders Electromagnetic Vibrating Feeder Electromagnetic Feeder. Uras Electromagnetic Feeders are capable of segmenting fixed amounts of materials, ranging from fine powders to large objects, with high speed and accuracy. "The Electromagnetic Feeder" uses an electromagnet as a source of linear vibration, allowing for very fine control of the ... When combining these features, Kinergy Feeders obtain the best performance level possible! Thus, the simple design and best performance rating makes the Kinergy Vibrating Feeder the number one choice in Vibrating Feeders. 39′ (12 m) diameter “Dust-Tight”, Circular Feeder, Electrically Controlled. It consumes 6 HP (4.5 kW) Every vibratory feeder needs a control device for controlled operation. Under the name REOVIB, REO offers you different series of control devices for all requirements on the conveying properties of a vibratory conveyor and the flow of the conveyed parts. Eriez vibratory conveyors are rugged, efficient, high capacity units that move large volumes of bulk material reliably and economically. Mechanical and electromagnetic conveyors are available to handle your applications. Vibratory Screeners Most of the feeders or conveyors listed above can also be designed as a linear screener. Scalping, The E/Series of vibratory feeder is the logical solution in taking scoop and scale companies to the next level. Our economical linear net-weigher machine provides precise feeding and weighing of free-flowing and occasionally non free-flowing products such as coffee, beans, granola, and others can be filled at rates of 12-15 containers per minute, depending on model and application. 13 products Vibratory feeders vibrate in a controlled fashion to feed dry materials such as powders, flour, sand, or coal at a consistent speed and volume in bulk conveying applications. They are typically used under hoppers or similar storage vessels to control the flow of materials moving from the vessel into other processes or conveying systems.Vibratory Feeder & Conveyor Manuals (47) ERIEZ. Headquarters | 2200 Asbury Road | Erie, PA 16506 814.835.6000 ; Contact | Find a Salesperson | Careers | Eriez ... Eriez vibratory conveyors are rugged, efficient, high capacity units that move large volumes of bulk material reliably and economically. Mechanical and electromagnetic conveyors are available to handle your applications. Vibratory Screeners Most of the feeders or conveyors listed above can also be designed as a linear screener. Scalping, Vibrating feeders on the Syntron volumetric feeder machines operate at 3,600 vpm (at 60 Hz) and trough options include flat pan (standard), V-shaped, tubular, or screening troughs of mild or stainless steel. Because of their simple design, Syntron volumetric feeder machines are dependable and have an exceptionally long service life. Vibratory feeders are well suited for remote computer control in integrated material handling systems. The vibratory feed chute can be jacketed for heating or cooling, and the tubular chutes can be made dust-tight by flexible connections at both ends.A vibratory feeder is an instrument that uses vibration to "feed" material to a process or machine. Vibratory feeders use both vibration and gravity to move material. Gravity is used to determine the direction, either down, or down and to a side, and then vibration is used to move the material.

Vibratory Feeders, Inc. (VFI) is a leading manufacturer of automation machines, vibratory bowl feeders, and ancillary components such as supply hoppers and linear power tracks. With its vibratory feeders, VFI provides innovative part handling solutions to our customers in continental United States and beyond. Vibratory Feeders are very flexible ... . Melissa o

vibrating feeder

These small vibratory feeders use a gentle vibrating motion, closed loop, and resonant frequency to feed or dose powders, foods, plastics, chemicals, and ceramics. They are the feeder of choice for materials that are not easily fed or conveyed by screw or belt feeders. The patented volumetric feeders, or tray feeders, are perfect for many ... Vibratory feeders transport and regulate feed rates for bulk material processing across a broad range of applications and industries. JVI Vibratory Feeders handle bulk materials including heavy quarry product and metal alloys; food and candy; plastics, glass, grain, and more. Available with electromechanical motors or electromagnetic drives and ... Eriez vibratory conveyors are rugged, efficient, high capacity units that move large volumes of bulk material reliably and economically. Mechanical and electromagnetic conveyors are available to handle your applications. Vibratory Screeners Most of the feeders or conveyors listed above can also be designed as a linear screener. Scalping, Oct 22, 2020 · For example, vibratory feeder trays from Eriez are manufactured from 316L stainless steel which is far less susceptible to corrosive materials. Dust-tight construction and a splash-proof design make internal drive components more suitable for dusty or wet environments. Some feeders are built with galvanized, nickel-plated or Teflon-coated drives. rf series vibrating feeder manual RF-20-B Manual RF-120-B Manual Palamatic Process vibrating feeders allow the dosing of fragile ingredients and abrasive materials. Vibratory feeders with integrated load cells can be used for loss-in-weight dosing applications. The vibrating feeders consist of a vibrating base with the bulk material flow trough.Every vibratory feeder needs a control device for controlled operation. Under the name REOVIB, REO offers you different series of control devices for all requirements on the conveying properties of a vibratory conveyor and the flow of the conveyed parts. Linear vibrating feeders are major components of automatic production lines and have a wide range of applications in the medical and military fields, and in the manufacturing of precision instruments. Conventional linear vibratory feeders are classified into electromagnetic and piezoelectric varieties, Maul G P (2005) and Zhan Hoppers & Feeders. Our complete product line of hoppers and feeders is designed to integrate controlled feed rates and a wide range of storage capacities. Our hoppers and feeders will provide material handling solutions to meet your product requirements, including the handling of: quarry rock boulders; sand and gravel; recycle materials; When combining these features, Kinergy Feeders obtain the best performance level possible! Thus, the simple design and best performance rating makes the Kinergy Vibrating Feeder the number one choice in Vibrating Feeders. 39′ (12 m) diameter “Dust-Tight”, Circular Feeder, Electrically Controlled. It consumes 6 HP (4.5 kW) Oct 22, 2020 · For example, vibratory feeder trays from Eriez are manufactured from 316L stainless steel which is far less susceptible to corrosive materials. Dust-tight construction and a splash-proof design make internal drive components more suitable for dusty or wet environments. Some feeders are built with galvanized, nickel-plated or Teflon-coated drives. Feeders Electromagnetic Vibrating Feeder Electromagnetic Feeder. Uras Electromagnetic Feeders are capable of segmenting fixed amounts of materials, ranging from fine powders to large objects, with high speed and accuracy. "The Electromagnetic Feeder" uses an electromagnet as a source of linear vibration, allowing for very fine control of the ... .

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